![]() In his work on Cyrus, called the Cyropaedia, he described the Persian king (opens in new tab) as "the most handsome in person, most generous of heart, most devoted to learning, and most ambitious, so that he endured all sorts of labor and faced all sorts of danger for the sake of praise."Ĭyrus the Great, king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire (Image credit: Public Domain) to 350 B.C.), is another important source of information on Cyrus's life, according to Britannica (opens in new tab). According to Britannica (opens in new tab), this story of Cyrus's infancy is likely a fabricated tale designed to show that Cyrus's reign was destined and ordained. But Cyrus survived these murder attempts, grew into manhood and overthrew the Medes. In Book I of his Histories (opens in new tab), Herodotus depicted the early life of the Persian king, recounting in mythological terms how a series of dreams led Astyages, the king of the Medes, to attempt to kill the infant Cyrus. Herodotus is one of the main sources of information on Cyrus's life. At the time of his death in 530 B.C., his Achaemenid Empire stretched from the Balkans in Europe to India, and, as previously discussed on Live Science, is considered to have been one of the largest empires, both geographically and in terms of population, in the ancient world. Later known as Cyrus the Great, he revolted against the Medes, conquered them, and then embarked on a campaign of conquest, adding the kingdoms of Lydia, Elam and Babylon to his burgeoning empire. But during the mid-sixth century B.C., an ambitious and capable ruler named Cyrus came to power. For several centuries, the Assyrians and later the Medes, an Indo-Iranian people who were settled in northwestern Iran, dominated the Persians, according to World History Encyclopedia (opens in new tab). The Persians were ruled by kings who claimed descent from a semi-mythical king named Achaemenes. (Image credit: Universal History Archive via Getty Images) The Persian Empire, rise and fallīy the first millennium B.C., the Persians were well established in southwestern Iran, with their capital at Anshan, an old city of the Elamites (opens in new tab), an ancient ethnic group from the Iranian plateau. It records the king's campaigns and tributes given to him. The Assyrian crafted Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (858-824 B.C.), from Nimrud. the Greek historian Herodotus (opens in new tab) described them as being divided into several different tribes, the most powerful of which was the Pasargadae, of whom the Achaemenid clan was a part. Originally a pastoral people who roamed the steppes with their livestock, they were ethnically related to the Bactrians, Medes and Parthians. ![]() The ancient Persians were an Indo-Iranian people who migrated to the Iranian plateau during the end of the second millennium B.C., possibly from the Caucasus or Central Asia. It's an Afro-Eurasian empire because it included parts of Africa, Asia and Europe." Who were the ancient Persians? "The Achaemenid Empire was something drastically different from its predecessors," said Touraj Daryaee, the Maseeh chair in Persian Studies and Culture at the University of California, Irvine, and the editor of " Excavating an Empire: Achaemenid Persian in Longue Dureé (opens in new tab)" (Mazda Publishers, 2014).
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